Milia, those small, white bumps that can appear on your skin, might seem alarming at first, but they’re generally harmless. These tiny cysts, often found on the face, can affect people of all ages. While they’re more common in infants, adults aren’t immune. Understanding what milia are, why they appear, and how to manage them can help you maintain healthy, clear skin.

What Are Milia?

Milia are small, white or yellowish cysts that appear on the skin, typically around the eyes, nose, and cheeks. These bumps occur when keratin, a protein found in the skin, becomes trapped beneath the skin’s surface. Unlike pimples, milia are not caused by bacteria and don’t result from clogged pores due to excess oil.

Milia are classified into different types based on when they develop and what causes them. Though these bumps are usually harmless and resolve on their own, understanding the different types can help you determine whether you need to seek treatment.

Types of Milia

Neonatal Milia

Neonatal milia are common in newborns and typically appear on the nose, scalp, or upper torso. They affect about 40% of newborns and usually clear up on their own within a few weeks. This type doesn’t require any treatment and poses no risk to the baby’s health.

Juvenile Milia

Juvenile milia can occur in older children and teenagers, often due to genetic factors. Conditions like Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and Gardner’s syndrome can increase the likelihood of developing milia at a young age. In these cases, managing the underlying condition can help control milia.

Milia en Plaque

Milia en plaque is a rarer form associated with autoimmune disorders like lupus and lichen planus. This type appears on the eyelids, ears, cheeks, or jawline and is more common in middle-aged women. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying autoimmune condition.

Primary Milia

Primary milia can develop in older children and adults. These cysts appear around the eyelids, forehead, and genitalia and might last for several months before disappearing. Although they are harmless, some people choose to remove them for cosmetic reasons.

Traumatic Milia

Traumatic milia occur after skin injuries, such as burns, rashes, or sun damage. The cysts form in areas where the skin has been damaged and can become irritated, leading to redness around the edges. These too usually resolve on their own, but the healing process can be sped up with proper skin care.

How Is Milia Diagnosed?

Milia are usually easy to diagnose based on their appearance. A dermatologist can typically identify them just by looking at the skin. In rare cases, a skin biopsy might be performed to confirm the diagnosis. If you’re unsure whether the white bumps on your skin are milia or something else, it’s always a good idea to consult with a dermatologist.

Milia Removal and Treatment Options

While milia often resolve without intervention, some people prefer to remove them, especially if they find them cosmetically bothersome. Here are some common treatment options:

Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy involves freezing the milia with liquid nitrogen, causing the cysts to fall off. This method is commonly used and is effective for removing milia.

Deroofing

Deroofing is a procedure where a sterile needle is used to remove the contents of the cyst. This method is quick and typically leaves minimal scarring.

Topical Retinoids

Topical retinoids are creams containing vitamin A that help exfoliate the skin and prevent the formation of new milia. These are especially useful for people prone to recurrent milia.

Chemical Peels

Chemical peels remove the top layer of skin, helping to exfoliate and clear milia. This method is often used for more widespread cases.

Laser Ablation

Laser ablation uses a focused laser to remove milia without damaging the surrounding skin. This treatment is precise and effective, especially for more stubborn cases.

Diathermy

Diathermy uses extreme heat to destroy the milia. This method is less common but can be effective for larger or more persistent cysts.

Preventing Milia

Although milia are usually harmless, preventing them can save you the trouble of dealing with these pesky bumps. Here are some tips to help keep your skin clear:

Use Sunscreen

Protecting your skin from sun damage can prevent milia, particularly those caused by trauma. Always use sunscreen with a high SPF when you’re outdoors, and consider wearing protective clothing, such as hats and sunglasses.

Avoid Heavy Skincare Products

Heavy creams and ointments can clog the skin and contribute to the formation of milia. Opt for lighter, non-comedogenic products that won’t block your skin’s natural exfoliation process.

Exfoliate Regularly

Regular exfoliation helps remove dead skin cells that can trap keratin and lead to milia. Use a gentle exfoliant to keep your skin smooth and clear.

When to See a Doctor

Milia are generally not a cause for concern, but if you notice that they’re persistent, growing, or causing discomfort, it’s best to consult with a dermatologist. They can provide you with the most appropriate treatment options and ensure that your skin stays healthy.

Conclusion

Milia may be a common and generally harmless skin condition, but that doesn’t mean you have to live with them. By understanding the different types of milia, how they form, and the available treatment options, you can make informed decisions about your skin care. Remember, if you’re ever in doubt about a skin condition, it’s always wise to seek professional advice.