Milia, those small white bumps that sometimes appear on the face, can be frustrating. While they are harmless, they often leave people searching for the best way to get rid of them. In this article, we will discuss what milia are, the differences between milia and other skin conditions, and various treatments that can effectively help you say goodbye to these pesky spots.
What Is Milia?
Milia, often referred to as milk spots, are small white or yellowish cysts that typically appear on the face. These tiny, dome-shaped bumps form under the skin when keratin, a protein found in skin cells, gets trapped beneath the surface. Although milia can appear anywhere, they are most common around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead. For the most part, milia are harmless and present more of a cosmetic concern than a health issue.
You might have noticed them on newborns or adults, but they can happen to anyone. Factors like long-term sun exposure, excessive use of topical steroids, or even smoking can contribute to their appearance. The choice to treat milia is entirely personal since they do not pose any medical risks.
Milia vs Whiteheads: What’s the Difference?
Although milia look a lot like whiteheads, there’s a significant difference. Whiteheads are a type of acne caused by clogged pores filled with oil and dead skin cells. On the other hand, milia are small cysts filled with keratin, not oil, making them much harder to pop.
Let’s be clear: popping milia won’t work. Digging at them with your nails can only lead to irritation, infection, and scarring. Since they form differently than acne, milia require a different treatment approach.
How to Treat Milia: Effective Solutions
So, how do you get rid of milia? The good news is there are several methods, both at home and in-office, that can help treat and prevent them. Let’s explore the best options.
1. Salicylic Acid for Milia
Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that’s well-known for its ability to exfoliate the skin by penetrating deeply into the pores. It helps speed up cell turnover, encouraging the skin to push the trapped keratin out to the surface. Using a salicylic acid-based cleanser or treatment can help break down the buildup that causes milia.
2. Glycolic Acid for Milia
Similar to salicylic acid, glycolic acid works as a chemical exfoliant. However, this alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) focuses more on the surface of the skin. Regular use can help prevent the buildup of dead skin cells and promote a smoother texture, reducing the chance of milia formation.
3. Adapalene for Milia
Adapalene, a topical retinoid, is another effective treatment for milia. It works by increasing cell turnover and preventing keratin from getting trapped under the skin. Over-the-counter products like Differin contain adapalene, which can be helpful in gradually bringing milia to the surface.
4. Topical Retinoids for Milia
For deeper or more stubborn milia, prescription-strength retinoids like tretinoin or tazarotene can be more effective. These potent medications not only exfoliate but also loosen the keratin plugs inside the milia, helping them come to the surface more quickly.
Regular use of retinoids will exfoliate the skin more efficiently, speeding up the removal process. However, they can be drying, so it’s essential to use a good moisturizer and sunscreen.
5. Minocycline for Severe Milia
In rare cases, people may experience milia en plaque, where multiple milia form on a raised patch of skin. This condition is more common in women between 40 and 60 years old. In severe cases, oral antibiotics like minocycline may be prescribed to help reduce inflammation and clear up the condition.
6. In-Office Procedures for Milia Removal
If topical treatments aren’t enough, you may want to visit a dermatologist for an in-office procedure. Here’s what they can do:
- Extraction: Dermatologists can use a sterile needle or blade to make a tiny incision and remove the milia.
- Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the milia with liquid nitrogen to remove them.
- Laser Ablation: A laser is used to resurface the skin and remove milia.
These procedures are quick and effective, with minimal downtime.
How to Get Rid of Milia at Home: Caution First
While treating milia at home may seem like a tempting option, certain situations require caution. Here are instances where it’s best to leave it to the professionals:
- Unsteady Hands or Discomfort: If you don’t feel confident handling tools near your skin, it’s safer to avoid self-extraction.
- Concentrated Areas: If you have a large cluster of milia, especially on delicate skin, it’s a sign of a more complicated issue.
- Milia Around the Eyes: Since this area is particularly sensitive, attempting to remove milia near your eyes can result in serious injury. Always consult a dermatologist in these cases.
How to Prevent Milia: Your Long-Term Strategy
Prevention is the best strategy when it comes to milia. Sun exposure and poor exfoliation habits can contribute to their development. Here’s how to protect your skin:
1. Use Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen
Sun protection is your first line of defense. Broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher will protect your skin from harmful UV rays, reducing the risk of sun damage that can lead to milia. Don’t forget to reapply sunscreen every two hours if you’re outdoors for long periods.
2. Regular Exfoliation
Regular exfoliation is key to keeping your skin clear and free of dead cells that may cause milia. Using a gentle exfoliant twice a week will help prevent the buildup that leads to clogged pores. Look for products with AHAs or BHAs for chemical exfoliation.
Conclusion: Milia Treatment That Works
Milia may be harmless, but they can be a source of frustration for those seeking smoother skin. Fortunately, there are plenty of treatment options available—from over-the-counter exfoliants to professional procedures performed by dermatologists. By understanding the nature of milia and taking steps to treat and prevent them, you can enjoy clearer, healthier-looking skin.
If you’re not sure how to approach treating milia, consult a dermatologist for the best course of action. Early intervention and prevention are the keys to keeping your skin free from unwanted bumps and ensuring long-term skin health.
