As we approach the end of life, the body begins to show clear signs that it is transitioning. According to health experts, these changes vary for each individual, but understanding them can provide comfort and preparedness for both the individual and their loved ones. Knowing what to expect during the last hours and days can help create a peaceful environment, offering support and care when it is needed most.
Recognizing the Signs of End of Life
If you have a terminally ill loved one or an elderly family member nearing the end of life, recognizing these physical changes can help you understand when the time is close. Below, we dive into nine common signs that occur during the final days and hours.
1. Constant Drowsiness and Fatigue
One of the most common signs of nearing the end of life is extreme tiredness and a constant state of drowsiness. As energy levels deplete, your loved one may sleep much more than usual, and even simple activities become exhausting.
It’s essential to let them rest as much as they need to, without trying to keep them awake for conversations or activities. Comfort is the top priority during this time. To prevent bedsores, gently help them change positions every couple of hours.
2. Loss of Appetite
As the body begins to shut down, the need for food and water decreases significantly. This can be alarming for loved ones, but it is a natural part of the dying process. When your loved one loses their appetite, it’s essential to respect their wishes. Forcing food or drink may cause discomfort. If they are unable to drink, keep their lips moist by applying balm to ensure comfort. You may also consider seeking advice from a healthcare provider regarding alternative forms of hydration or nutrition.
3. Changes in Breathing Patterns
Breathing patterns often change during the final days or hours of life. You may notice that the person’s breathing becomes irregular—ranging from shallow breaths to deep gasps, followed by long pauses. This is a result of the body slowing down. The NHS notes that mucus build-up can cause a rattling or gurgling sound, sometimes referred to as a “death rattle.” While this noise can be distressing for loved ones, it is typically not painful for the individual.
To ease their breathing, consider adjusting their position, such as raising the head or turning them to one side. If the rattling sound becomes too distressing, a healthcare professional can provide medication to help reduce it.
4. Hallucinations and Confusion
In the final stages of life, hallucinations or confusion may occur. This is often due to chemical imbalances in the brain, caused either by medications or the body’s natural decline. Your loved one may perceive things that aren’t there, or they may become confused about where they are or who you are.
It’s important to remain calm during these moments. Gently remind them of who you are and where they are, and speak in a soothing, reassuring tone. This can help ground them and reduce feelings of fear or anxiety.
5. Drop in Body Temperature
As circulation decreases, blood flow concentrates on the body’s core, leaving the extremities—such as hands, feet, and legs—cold to the touch. The skin may also appear pale, or mottled with blue or purple patches. Although they might feel cold, your loved one may not notice this as their sense of temperature diminishes.
Providing a soft, warm blanket can offer comfort. While it won’t raise their body temperature, it may make the individual feel more cared for during their final moments.
6. Changes in Toilet Habits
As the body consumes less food and water, it’s natural for bowel movements and urination to decrease. Your loved one may have fewer bowel movements or pass less urine, and in some cases, they may lose control of their bladder or bowels altogether. While this can be upsetting, it is a normal part of the process.
You can work with a caregiver or healthcare provider to assist with managing these changes, ensuring your loved one remains clean and comfortable.
7. Muscle Weakness
Muscle weakness is another common sign as death approaches. Your loved one may no longer be able to perform simple tasks, like holding a glass of water or sitting up in bed. As their muscles weaken, their mobility decreases.
Assist them by helping with daily tasks, such as drinking or turning in bed. Small gestures like offering a straw for drinking or supporting them during movements can make a significant difference in their comfort level.
8. Withdrawal from Social Interaction
As energy levels decline, your loved one may become less interested in engaging with others. This withdrawal is a natural part of the process, as they conserve energy for the final stages of life.
It’s important to understand that this withdrawal is not personal—it’s simply part of the body’s progression. Plan visits for when they feel more alert or schedule quiet, comforting moments without the need for conversation.
9. Changes in Vital Signs
During the last hours, vital signs may change noticeably. Blood pressure often drops, the heartbeat becomes irregular, and the pulse may become faint or hard to detect. These changes signal that the body is beginning to shut down.
While these signs can be hard to witness, they are a natural part of the dying process. Keep in mind that these changes indicate that your loved one’s body is nearing its final stage and that they are transitioning peacefully.
Conclusion: Understanding and Comforting in the Final Hours
Recognizing the physical changes that occur in the last hours and days of life can help you provide comfort and compassion during this challenging time. While the process of dying can be difficult to observe, knowing what to expect allows you to support your loved one with grace and care. Focus on making them comfortable, respecting their needs, and providing a calm, peaceful environment for their final moments.
Remember, each person’s experience is unique, and there is no right or wrong way to navigate this time. Seek support from healthcare professionals if needed, and take comfort in the fact that you are helping to provide peace in their final days.
